From reaching a cup of coffee to tying your shoelaces, gravity shapes nearly all movement humans make. So how do our bodies react when that familiar force begins to change? Texas A&M University researchers are exploring the answer through a multi-phase project supported by NASA.

Dr. Deanna Kennedy of our Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management is partnering with Drs. Ana Diaz Artiles and Bonnie Dunbar from the Department of Aerospace Engineering to investigate how differences in gravity influence coordination and movement control. Her latest work looks into how the body performs in altered gravity conditions to identify challenges astronauts encounter in space and how the human body adapts when environmental surroundings shift.

“On Earth, we spend our entire lives moving in a 1G environment, where the gravitational force feels natural,” Kennedy said. “But when that changes, the way our body controls movement changes too and understanding that helps us predict where performance may begin to break down.”

To study these adjustments, Kennedy and her research team evaluated how participants performed a series of movement tasks while experiencing changing gravitational conditions during parabolic flight testing. The latest phase of the project uses a short-radius human centrifuge capable of recreating lunar and Martian gravity for extended periods, to learn how coordination adapted as participants moved through Earth gravity, partial gravity and microgravity conditions.

Researchers found that as gravity decreases, movement becomes progressively less stable. Tasks requiring complex coordination, such as engaging each hand to perform different actions independently, became harder to control. Instead of maintaining intended movement patterns, participants gradually shifted toward easier and more natural behaviors.

Another significant finding shows that gravity acts as a control factor that impacts how the brain manages movement.

“Much of coordination research looks at how speed changes movement behavior,” Kennedy explained. “What we’re showing is that gravity also changes those patterns in a very systematic and predictable way.”

While the findings provide insight into how humans adapt in altered situations, Kennedy says the applications of this work may extend beyond aerospace research and closer to home. Since reduced gravity seems to affect how the brain processes movement, the work is opening new possibilities around how altered gravity environments may eventually support rehabilitation interventions for those experiencing movement disorders.

The team is analyzing how this work can apply to future studies involving Parkinson’s disease. “If we understand where coordination is breaking down, whether that happens in altered gravity or here on Earth, it gives us a point where we can intervene and make corrections,” Kennedy emphasized.

As research continues, Kennedy hopes these findings evolve how gravity drives humans to interact and adapt to the world around them.

“Understanding these shifts can lead to new techniques that improve human performance and therapeutic applications that allow us to continue exploring what is possible,” she said.

More information: Gravity as a contextual control parameter in coordination dynamics: Phase-specific stability during parabolic flight

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2026.103468

Journal information: Human Movement Science

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